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Worldwide there has been a large shift towards less physically demanding work.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WHO: Obesity and overweight )〕 This has been accompanied by increasing use of mechanized transportation, a greater prevalence of labor saving technology in the home, and less active recreational pursuits.〔 At least 31% of the world's population does not get sufficient exercise.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WHO | Physical Inactivity: A Global Public Health Problem )〕 This is true in almost all developed and developing countries,〔 and among children.〔 Some experts refer to sitting as "the new smoking" because of its negative effects on overall health.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Is Sitting the New Smoking? )〕 These exercise trends are contributing to the rising rates of chronic diseases including: obesity, heart disease, stroke and high cholesterol.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=N C H S - Health E Stats - Physical Activity Among Adults: United States, 2000 and 2005 )〕 Active transport (walking, bicycling, etc.) has been found to be inversely related to obesity in Europe, North America, and Australia. Thus exercise has been associated with a decrease in mortality.〔 ==Causes of lack of exercise== One of the causes most prevalent in the developing world is urbanization. As more of the population moves to cities, population over-crowding, increased poverty, increased levels of crime, high-density traffic, low air quality and lack of parks, sidewalks and recreational sports facilities leads to a less active lifestyle.〔 Physical inactivity is increasing or high among many groups in the population including: young people,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WHO | Physical Activity and Young People )〕 women,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WHO | Physical Activity and Women )〕 and the elderly.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WHO | Physical Activity and Older Adults )〕 A 2005 population study in south Brazil showed physical inactivity during leisure time to be more prevalent among females and those living with a partner; with a positive correlation associated with age and number of cigarettes smoked, and a negative correlation (decreased levels of physical inactivity) associated with years of formal education, body mass index, and increasing socioeconomic status.〔 Studies in children and adults have found an association between the number of hours of television watched and the prevalence of obesity. A 2008 meta analysis found that 63 of 73 studies (86%) showed an increased rate of childhood obesity with increased media exposure, and rates increasing proportionally to time spent watching television. Another cause in the case of children is that physical activity in activities from self-propelled transport, to school physical education, and organized sports is declining in many countries. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Exercise trends」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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